Beverly Pepper (American, lives and works in Italy, born 1922)

Born in Brooklyn in 1922, Pepper began her career as an artist in an ad agency. She studied art and industrial design at Pratt Institute. Pepper is known for her welded steel sculptures in hollow, geometric shapes in which she utilizes box-like forms, and paints inner surfaces in a single, bright color. Pepper has built an international reputation with monumental sculptural constructions of welded steel, informed by both Constructivism and Minimalism. Her work has been exhibited and collected by major museums and galleries throughout the world, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; the White House Sculpture Garden, Washington; the Centre Pompidou, Paris; and the Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona.